HOW TO MAKE BAR SOAP

SOAP MAKING

There are various kinds of soap according to their uses and uniqueness. They are namely:

BAR SOAP

RAW MATERIALS                              QUANTITY

1.      Palm kernel oil                                    3 litres

2.      Oil soluble color                                  1 teaspoon

3.      Caustic soda (fermented)                    1 kg

4.      Soda ash (fermented)                          1 kg

5.      Sodium Sulphate                                 ¼ kg

6.      Soap perfume                                      1/8Lr

EQUIPMENTS

1.      Nylon sheet

2.      Stamp or stamping machine

3.      Hand gloves

4.      Nose mask

5.      A mixer

6.      A measuring scale (in kg or lr)

7.      A mould

8.      Hydrometer

9.      Containers (plastic buckets)

FERMENTATION PROCESS

Note: Before the soap making proper, a very important process called fermentation takes place. The chemicals fermented are the caustic soda and the soda ash.

FERMENTATION OF CAUSTIC SODA

Add about 2Lr of water into a bowl and follow by 1kg Caustic soda & stir very using a stick and keep for 24 – 48hrs. After fermenting, gauge the potency level by using a hydrometer reading 12.50 – 12.75

Warning!! Take serious caution when pouring the powdered caustic soda into the water the water to avoid the liquid splashing on your body. The dissolved caustic soda is highly corrosive and generates much heat when poured in water.

·         Allow to cool an store in a plastic can

·         All to ferment for some hours or a whole day before using it to produce soap to avoid harmful effect of the soda on the palm and skin.

·         The caustic soda fermented could last up to one month before becoming inactive.

FERMENTATION OF SODA

·         Ferment soda ash too for 24 -48hrs in the ratio 1kg to 2Lrs water. When the solution cools, gauge soda ash solution with hydrometer at 12.00 -12.25.

·         Sodium sulphate: just immediately before production. It needs no fermentation. Gauge sodium sulphate at 12.75.

·         Formulation:                PKO                            – 2Lrs

Caustic soda                – 1.5Lrs

Soda ash                      – 1.0Lrs

Sodium sulphate         – 0.6Lr

PROCEDURES FOR MAKING BAR SOAP

·         In a bowl, add the PK oil

·         Add and dissolve completely very little of the soluble  color

·         Add the fermented caustic soda and keep stirring

·         Add the soda ash solution and keep stirring

·         Add the sodium sulphate solution and keep stirring

·         Add the perfume of your choice.

·         A soap paste is foamed. Pour the soap paste into a bar soap mould that has already been covered by nylon. Spread the soap solution to dry for some hours.

·         Keep in a cool dry place for solidification

·         After drying for a day or more, remove the soap slab from the mould and cut to your desired sizes with the aid of a designed machine.

·         Hence, bar soap ready for use.